Present Perfect
FORM
HAVE / HAS + Pasado Participio del
verbo
|
Personal
Pronoun
|
Verbo
|
Pronombre
Personal
|
Verbo
|
|
I
|
have worked
|
Yo
|
he trabajado
|
|
You
|
have worked
|
Tú
|
has trabajado
|
|
He
|
has worked
|
Él
|
ha trabajado
|
|
She
|
has worked
|
Ella
|
ha trabajado
|
|
It
|
has worked
|
(no existe en español)
|
ha trabajado
|
|
We
|
have worked
|
Nosotros
|
hemos trabajado
|
|
You
|
have worked
|
Ustedes
|
han trabajado
|
|
They
|
have worked
|
Ellos
|
han trabajado
|
FORMA AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO
|
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
|
FORMA NEGATIVA
|
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
|
|
I have played
|
I haven’t played
|
Have I played?
|
|
He has played
|
He hasn’t played
|
Has he played?
|
|
She has played
|
She hasn’t played
|
Has she played?
|
|
It has played
|
It hasn’t played
|
Has it played?
|
|
We have played
|
We haven’t played
|
Has we played?
|
|
You have played
|
You haven’t played
|
Has you played?
|
|
They have played
|
They haven’t played
|
Have they played?
|
SENTENCE FORMATION
|
SUJETO
|
VERBO
|
COMPLEMENTO
|
|
John
|
has studied
|
English for two years
|
|
The president
|
has given
|
a message to the country
|
|
Most people in the world
|
have suffered
|
the effects of economy
|
USE
Describe
acciones en un momento inespecífico en el pasado. El momento exacto no es
importante
Ejemplo: I have seen that movie twenty times
Describe hechos
que iniciaron en el pasado con repercusión o vigencia en el presente
Ejemplo: I have lost my key, have you seen it? (en este Ejemplo la repercusión en el presente es el no encontrar la
llave. Esto quiere decir que la necesesita ahora.)
Describe hechos
que iniciaron en el pasado y continúan en el presente
Ejemplo: Peter has worked in IBM for ten years.
Se utiliza con expresiones como: ever,
never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Ejemplos:
· I have seen that movie
twenty times. (He visto esa
película veinte veces)
· There have been many
earthquakes in California. (Ha habido muchos temblores en California)
· People have not traveled to
Mars. (La gente no ha
viajado a Marte)
· Have you read the book
yet? (¿Ya leiste el libro?)
· Nobody has ever climbed that
mountain. (Nadie ha
escalado esa montaña)
COLOCACIÓN DE
ADVERBIOS Es común encontrar adverbios en medio del
auxiliar have/has y el verbo.
· Some people have never been to the sea
· I have always thought that English is
important to succeed
· I cant’t believe that you haven’t ever listened to
a song of Frank Sinatra!
En una oración en presente perfecto los
adverbios, tales como: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Se colocan después del auxiliar, antes del verbo
Ejemplos:
· You have only seen that movie one time.
· Have you ever seen that movie?
OBSERVA que "have / has"
también puede ser el verbo tener. Es fácil identificar su uso como
auxiliar por la compañía del verbo activo en participio pasado.
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